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1. Long War Dynamic War
2. Long War Dynamic War
3. Xcom Long War Dynamic War
4. Xcom Long War Dynamic War
5. Xcom Long War Dynamic War Or Not

The Panhard et Levassor Dynamic is a large car introduced by the French auto-maker Panhard et Levassor as a replacement for the company’s CS model at the Paris Motor Show in October 1936.^[2] Manual input visio.

Dynamic War (Long War) Dynamic was is a Second Wave option which replaces the Marathon option from Enemy Within. It allows scaling of how long a campaign takes by scaling the number of alien missions per month. Many other things are scaled accordingly. Got a minor question with regards to Dynamic War in Beta 15 - how does the variable actually work? I was gonna start a new campaign with ideally a slightly slower mission pace than normal Long War, but slightly faster than Dynamic War's normal setting of 0.5, which is what it says it is in the Second Wave Menu.

The bodies[edit]

For the Dynamic, Panhard et Levassor’s in-house designer Louis Bionier came up with a Streamline Moderne design, featuring front and rear wheel spats, two or three windscreen wipers and the split A pillars with curved glass inserts he pioneered on the earlier Panoramique.^[3] The headlights were integrated into the front wings, with headlamp surrounds that mimicked the shape of the front grille. Several of these features caught on with other auto-makers in subsequent years; headlamps integrated into the bodywork became mainstream, but in 1936 they gave the car a very modern look.^[2]

The bodies were also of great technical interest. Despite its size, the Dynamic offered little comfort to traditional coachbuilders, being the first French car in the luxury class to feature a steel body electrically welded together and constructed as a monocoque, without a separate chassis.^[2]

A “six-light” four-door saloon/sedan bodied version was offered with a long passenger cabin, but no trunk/boot. This version, introduced in the fall of 1937, could seat nine.^[4] A four-door saloon/sedan (“berline”) was also available with a shorter passenger cabin, but with a protruding boot/trunk. The car was also unusually wide, allowing for three abreast seating: on early cars, Panhard et Levassor positioned the steering wheel in the middle of the front panel.^[3] It was hoped that this would provide a superior view out. The centrally mounted steering was probably the feature that attracted the most comment when the car appeared at the 1936 Paris Motor Show, and Panhard et Levassor advertised it as a 'common sense' solution during a period when French automakers were switching over from right hand drive (which had been virtually universal in France twenty years earlier) to left hand drive (which would be virtually universal in France twenty years later).^[2][5] However, the market-place found the central steering wheel an innovation too far and drivers complained about the contortions necessary to slide from the side of the wide car to the central position necessary to control it.^[2] From 1939 the Panhard et Levassor Dynamic featured a conventionally positioned steering wheel.^[6]

Long War Dynamic War

Aside from the central seating position, the Dynamic was also ahead of its time in having independent wishbone front suspension. As with current supercars, the upper elements of the front suspension were mounted directly onto the engine.^[6]

There were also two-seater coupé versions and a cabriolet version offered, but by the end of 1938 these “minority“ models had accounted for only 358 cars. In addition to these and the sedans, a six-window Limousine with an available partition was introduced in 1938.^[6]

Engines[edit]

A first prototype, known as the Dynamic 20 CV, was presented in March 1936. This was powered by a six-cylinder in-line engine of 3,485 cm³ with cylinder diameters that indeed corresponded with the French 20 hp taxation class. However, the car that entered production and was offered for sale from May 1935 as the Dynamic 130 came with the six-cylinder in-line sleeve-valve engine of 2,516 cc from the predecessor model, the Panhard et Levassor CS. This placed it in the French 14 CV taxation class. The '130' in the name was to indicate a claimed top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph).

Along with the Dynamic 130, Panhard et Levassor offered a Dynamic 140, which shared its engine with the (initially still in production) “CS Spécial” model. The engine size on this version was 2.861 cc (16 CV). Actual claimed horsepower was 75 hp (55 kW) and it was this “Dynamic 140” that was the most popular with customers, 2,230 having been produced by 1940 when war brought production to an end. By this time the car had become the last production sleeve-valve-engined car in the world.

Variants[edit]

While three wheelbases were available, the shortest was largely restricted to the (soon discontinued) Coupé Junior model and the longest to the Berline.^[7] Most Dynamics (Majors) ended up having the 280 cm wheelbase. In 1937 Panhard et Levassor introduced a range topping “Dynamic 160”, as a successor to the Panhard et Levassor DS. This car was fitted with a 3834 cc (22 CV) version of the Panhard et Levassor six-cylinder in-line engine, with 100 PS (74 kW). 153 had been produced by 1938.

The small Dynamic 130 carried the X76 model code; it was discontinued for 1938. The 140 and 160 were originally called X77 and X80, after the move away from central steering for 1939 they became the X81 and X82 respectively.^[6]

Commercial[edit]

Panhard et Levassor Dynamics were never particularly cheap, which reflected the technological progress that they represented. However, less than six months after the October 1936 launch Panhard et Levassor updated their price list, many the prices published in February 1937 involving eye-watering increases of more than 20%.^[2] After February 1937 the short wheelbase 'Junior 130' (coupe) 14CV Dynamic was priced at 53,850 Francs while prices for the four door 'Berline 130' started at 58,850 Francs. For comparison, the Renault Primaquatre, admittedly an older and less flamboyant design from a manufacturer who still fitted side-valve engines in all its models, but nonetheless with an engine size and wheelbase length that also placed it squarely in the same 14CV category as the Panhard et Levassor, was priced at 22,500 Francs for a 'Berline' (saloon/sedan) in October 1936, which had risen to 25,500 Francs in October 1937^[8] Price lists from Talbot, whose Minor was launched in October 1937 with a list of 42,500 Francs for a 13CV four seater compact four door 'Berline' from a manufacturer with a more modern model range, also left the listed prices for the Panhard et Levassor Dynamic looking optimistically high.^[9]

Wartime production[edit]

In September 1939 France declared war on Germany and in June 1940 the German Army rapidly invaded and occupied Northern France.^[10] Before September 1939, unlike Renault, Panhard et Levassor had not supplied cars to the French army, but with the outbreak of war Panhard et Levassor received an order for 182 of the larger-engined Dynamics, with the emphasis on the long cabined “six-light” sedans/salons. The army cars, generally reserved for senior ranks, are in most instances recognisable from the spare wheel mounted on the outside of the rear panel.^[6][10] Civilian versions, even with the long cabin body, kept the spare wheel inside the car.

As the war progressed, Panhard et Levassor found it prudent to transfer production to their site at Tarbes in the extreme southwest, and a gazogene powered version of the Dynamic was produced albeit only in small numbers.^[10] However, following the defeat of France in June 1940 Panhard et Levassor, along with other auto-makers was increasingly obliged to manufacture military supplies.^[10]

Sources and further reading[edit]

• Bellu, René (November 1996). 'La Panhard Dynamic: Sa carosserie étonne et sa conception technique réserve elle aussi des surprises' [Its surprising appearance and concept still hides some surprises]. Automobilia (in French). Paris: Histoire & Collections (7): 31–40.
• Vermeylen, Bernard (2005), Panhard & Levassor entre tradition et modernité [Panhard & Levassor: between tradition and modernity] (in French), Boulogne-Billancourt: ETAI, ISBN2-7268-9406-2

1. ^Georgano, G.N. (1968). The Complete Encyclopaedia of Motorcars 1885 - 1968. London: Ebury Press.
2. ^ ^abcdefBellu, René (1997). 'Automobilia'. Toutes les voitures françaises 1937 (salon Paris Oct 1936). Paris: Histoire & collections (3): 60–63.
3. ^ ^abHodges, David (1994). The Guinness Book of Car Facts and Feats. England: Guinness Publishing. p. 256. ISBN0851127681.
4. ^Bellu (1996), p. 38
5. ^In the 1930s several conservative automakers, including Talbot and Lancia, were still doggedly producing all their cars with the steering wheel on the right regardless of whether the vehicle would end up being sold in a left hand drive or right hand drive market.
6. ^ ^abcdeArtcurial Motorcars à Rétromobile (Vente n^o 1957), Paris, France: Artcurial-Briest-Poulain-F.Tajan, 2011-02-04, p. 110
7. ^Bellu (1996), p. 33
8. ^Bellu, Toutes les voitures françaises 1937, p. 75
9. ^Bellu, René (1997). 'Automobilia'. Toutes les voitures françaises 1938 (salon Paris Oct 1937). Paris: Histoire & collections (6): 89.
10. ^ ^abcdBellu, René (2003). 'Toutes les voitures françaises 1940 - 46 (les années sans salon)'. Automobilia. Paris: Histoire & collections. 26: 21.

External links[edit]

• 1936 Panhard et Levassor Dynamic X76 at conceptcarz.com, and a 1938

A new economic strategy from Beijing is set to shake up global trade and could change Australia's key relationship with its biggest export market.

US defence chiefs have warned that China could “dominate” America in a few decades. Picture: Feng Li/Getty ImagesSource:Getty Images

Top US defence chiefs have warned of the stunning rise of China’s military capabilities — warning the country could potentially “dominate” America in a conflict by the middle of the century.

Stanley McChrystal, a top retired general and Joe Biden adviser, warned that we could wake up one morning in the near future to find out China has “showered” Taiwan with rockets.

He told Axios that “China’s military capacity has risen much faster than people appreciate,” and the US is running out of time to prevent a scenario such as it seizing Taiwan.

The military leader said the new presidency cannot afford to be complacent with China, warning its “ability with rocketry and whatnot has essentially changed the dynamic”.

“My concern would be, we wake up one morning and China has just done a fait accompli,” he said. “They have just showered Taiwan with rockets.”

Meanwhile, the Pentagon’s top general said robotic weapons would be common around the world within 10 or 15 years, and China is rapidly developing such capabilities.

“They would like to not only match us but exceed us, dominate us, be able to beat us in armed conflict by mid-century,” Joint Chiefs Chairman General Mark Milley said in an online symposium at the US Naval Institute this week.

RELATED: America ramps up moves against China

RELATED: Beijing slammed for ‘bully conduct’

US Army General Stanley McChrystal will advise Joe Biden when he takes office. Picture: Jenny EvansSource:News Corp Australia

He said the US military has to fully embrace robotics and artificial intelligence if it is to maintain superiority to China, and that the Pentagon needs smaller, more capable forces armed with long-range missiles posted more widely around Asia to compete with China.

“We are in the middle of a fundamental change in the character of war,” Milley said.

He cited the spread of precision-guided munitions, drones and other robotic equipment, and advanced satellite communications, and said that those who master them best will be “decisive” in war.

“Our ability to sense is unbelievable. We can see the world today as you could never see it before.”

“We can reach out and we can track, see, identify,” he said, adding that with long-range precision munitions, if you can see it, you can hit it.

“This is fundamental. And this has a huge impact on the future of combat,” he said. “If you put in artificial intelligence and you do man-machine teaming, add that to robotics, put in precision munitions and the ability to sense and see, throw in a few hypersonic weapons, and you’ve got a fundamental shift in the global battlefield.”

Milley, who is expected to remain in his job under President-elect Joe Biden, said the US should shrink its military footprint abroad, saying that permanent bases in places such as South Korea and Bahrain leave US forces, their families and staff vulnerable.

“I am not a fan of large permanent military bases from the US overseas, in other people’s countries,” he said.

Long War Dynamic War

“Smaller forces, widely distributed, that are very difficult to detect will be key for a future military.”

Mark Milley warned that China is rapidly developing robotic weapons. Picture: AFPSource:AFP

To prevent China from taking control of the western Pacific in a conflict, he said, the US should have land-based units in the Philippines, Vietnam and Australia, operating long-range precision missile batteries that could take out Chinese navy ships.

“Why should we just cede that space to them? We shouldn’t,” he said.

Xcom Long War Dynamic War

Xcom Long War Dynamic War

To back that up the Pentagon needs to plan to build its naval fleet to more than 500 vessels by 2045, from the current level of around 300, with one-quarter or more to be unmanned, robotic ships, and up to 90 submarines.

“If you’re serious about great power competition and deterring great power war, and you’re serious about having dominant capability over something like China … 500 (ships) is probably your entrance ticket,” he said.

That did not include adding more to the fleet of large US aircraft carriers, relatively easy targets for China’s potent long-range precision missiles, he said.

Vb-cable a b crack. “I’m not saying you’re gonna have a war with China. I’m saying we want to prevent a war with China, and we’re going to have to invest in the capabilities in the force to prevent that from happening.”

Xcom Long War Dynamic War Or Not

“You want your opponent to know unequivocally that if they get in a fight with the United States of America, hands down, they will lose, and they will lose in a very large way, very swiftly and in a very catastrophic way to their national interest,” he said.